The Reverend
The Reverend is an honorific style given before the names of certain Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. The Reverend is correctly called a style, but is sometimes referred to as a title, form of address, or title of respect.[1]
The term is an anglicisation of the Latin reverendus, the style originally used in Latin documents in medieval Europe. It is the gerundive or future passive participle of the verb revereri ("to respect; to revere"), meaning "[one who is] to be revered/must be respected". The Reverend is therefore equivalent to the Honourable or the Venerable. It is paired with a modifier or noun for some offices in some religious traditions: Lutheran archbishops, Anglican archbishops, and most Catholic bishops are usually styled The Most Reverend (reverendissimus); other Lutheran bishops, Anglican bishops, and Catholic bishops are styled The Right Reverend.[2][3][4]
The forms His Reverence and Her Reverence are also sometimes used, along with their parallel in direct address, Your Reverence.[5]
Usage
[edit]In traditional and formal English usage it is still considered incorrect to drop the definite article, the, before Reverend. In practice, however, the is often not used in both written and spoken English. When the style is used within a sentence, the is correctly in lower-case.[6] Abbreviations for Reverend include Rev., Revd (or Revd), and Rev'd.
The Reverend is traditionally used as an adjectival form with first names (or initials) and surname, e.g. "the Reverend John Smith" or "the Reverend J. F. Smith"; if the first names (or initials) are unknown, the correct form is "The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith".[3] Use of the prefix with the surname alone, e.g. "The Reverend Smith", is incorrect (a solecism) in formal usage.[7][3] The style always precedes titles, such as Canon or Doctor.[3]
In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has been increasingly common[citation needed] for the term to be used as a noun and for clergy to be referred to as being either a reverend or the reverend, or to be addressed as simply reverend. This has traditionally been considered incorrect on the basis that it is equivalent to referring to a judge as being an honourable or an adult man as a mister, both of which are also grammatically improper.[7][8] It is likewise incorrect to form the plural reverends. Some dictionaries,[9] however, do place the noun rather than the adjective as the word's principal form, owing to an increasing use of the word as a noun among people with no religious background or knowledge of traditional styles of ecclesiastical address. When several clergy are referred to, they are often styled individually (e.g. "The Reverend John Smith and the Reverend Henry Brown"); in a list of clergy, the Revv is sometimes put before the list of names, especially in the Catholic Church in Britain and Ireland.[10]
In a unique case, the Reverend was used to refer to a church consistory, a local administrative body. "The Reverend Coetus" and "the Reverend Assembly" were used to refer to the collective body of local officials during the transformation of the Dutch Reformed Church in the mid-18th century.[11]
The use of the Christian term "Reverend" for the rabbi of a congregation was common in Reform Judaism in the 19th and early 20th centuries; however, the Central Conference of American Rabbis deprecated this usage in 1897.[12] The style is also sometimes used by leaders in other religions such as Buddhism.[13][better source needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Reverend". LDoceOnline English Dictionary (definition) (online ed.). Longman. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ The Lutheran Witness, Volumes 9-11. C.A. Frank. 1890. p. 67.
- ^ a b c d ""How to address the clergy", Crockford's Clerical Directory website". Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ ""How to Address Church Officials", Catholic Education Resource Center website". Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ "His/Your Reverence". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
1.2His/Your Reverence A title or form of address to a member of the clergy, especially a priest in Ireland. 'I regret, Your Reverence, that I cannot come to meet you.'
- ^ The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010
- ^ a b "Information Internet: English Grammar, Abbreviations". Think quest. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ Burchfield, RW, ed. (1996), The New Fowler's Modern English Usage, Oxford: Clarendon
- ^ "Reverend", Encarta (online dictionary), MSN, archived from the original on 15 February 2009, retrieved 6 February 2009
- ^ "Ecclesiastical and other information". The Catholic Herald. 6 June 1947. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ Thompson, Henry Post (1882). History of the Reformed Church, at Readington, N. J. 1719-1881,. Board of publication of the Reformed church in America. doi:10.7282/T33F4QN7. ISBN 1131003942.
- ^ Silverstein, Alan (September 1995). Alternatives to Assimilation: The Response of Reform Judaism to American Culture, 1840-1930. UPNE. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-87451-726-2.
- ^ "Reverend Earl Ikeda" Archived 29 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tricycle: The Buddhist Review website.
External links
[edit]
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.